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''Prunus ilicifolia'' (Common names: "hollyleaf cherry",〔''Flowering Plants of the Santa Monica Mountains, Coastal & Chaparral Regions of Southern California'', Nancy Dale, 1985, p172〕 "evergreen cherry";〔Fire Effects Information Service, USDA Forest Service: (''Prunus ilicifolia'' )〕 "''islay''" - Salinan Native American〔E.G. Gudde (1946). The Solution of the Islay Problem. ''California Folklore Quarterly'' 5 (3): 298-299 (Gudde concludes that the word "islay" originated in a Salinan word ''slay''; Islay was the Spanish version of their word).〕) It is native to the chaparral areas of coastal California (from Mendocino County to San Diego County), Baja California, and Baja California Sur.〔〔Germplasm Resources Information Network: (''Prunus ilicifolia'' )〕 as well as the desert chaparral areas of the Mojave desert.〔(Calflora taxon report, University of California, ''Prunus ilicifolia'' (Nutt.) Walp., Holly leaved Cherry, holly leaf cherry, hollyleaf cherry )〕〔(SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter ) photos and distribution map〕 ''Prunus ilicifolia'' is an evergreen shrub〔 to tree, producing edible cherries, with shiny and spiny toothed leaves〔 similar in appearance to those of holly. This resemblance is the source of both the common name "holly-leaved cherry" and the scientific epithet "ilicifolia" (''Ilex''-leaved). It grows 8 to 30 feet (240-900 cm) tall, with thick, alternate leaves 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5.0 cm) in length.〔 It has small white flowers growing in clusters, similar in appearance to most members of the rose family, Rosaceae, flowering from March to May.〔 The flowers are terminal on small stalks, with the youngest at the cluster center. The purple to black fruit is sweet,with a very thick pulp around a large single stone (drupe).〔 The plant is prized for cultivation, showy and easily grown from seed, and has been cultivated for centuries as a food source, and tolerates twice yearly pruning when often used as a hedge.〔 The plant likes full sun, loose open soil (porous), and tolerates drought conditions well, but needs regular watering when young.〔 Bees are attracted to it.〔 Native Americans fermented the fruit into an intoxicating drink.〔 "Prunus" comes from the old Latin for "plum". "Ilici - folia means "holly like - leaves".〔 This is the only species of the genus ''Prunus'' native to the Santa Monica Mountains that divide the Los Angeles basin from the San Fernando Valley, California.〔 ==Description== It is an evergreen shrub〔 or small tree approaching 15 meters (50 feet) in height,〔Jepson Flora: (''Prunus ilicifolia'' )〕 with dense, hard leaves〔 (sclerophyllous foliage). The leaves are 1.6–12 cm (0.64-4.8 inches) long with a 4–25 mm (0.16-1.00 inch) petiole〔 and spiny margins, somewhat resembling those of the holly. The leaves are dark green when mature and generally shiny on top, and have a smell resembling almonds when crushed. The flowers are small (1–5 mm), white, produced on racemes in the spring. The fruit is a cherry 12–25 mm diameter, edible〔 and sweet, but contains little flesh surrounding the smooth seed.〔〔Munz, Philip A. 1973. A California flora and supplement. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.〕〔Conrad, C. E. (1987). Common shrubs of chaparral and associated ecosystems of southern California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-99. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prunus ilicifolia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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